The investigated exergy optimisation results in an increase of the final electrical energy demand by 44% compared to the current situation. The major increase in exergy efficiency is achieved in the areas of heat supply (via complete excess heat utilisation and heat pumps) and transport (via electric and fuel cell drives). Overall exergy efficiency can be raised from today’s 34% (Sejkora et al. The results show, that despite this massive expansion and the maximum exergy efficiency, about half of the primary energy still be imported. The optimization is using Austria as a case study with targeted renewable generation capacities of 2030. It considers both, the energy supply system and the final energy application. An exergy-based optimisation model is presented and analysed. This work analyses the optimal technology mix to maximise exergy efficiency in a fully decarbonised energy system. To increase exergy efficiency, a holistic consideration of the energy system is necessary.
Therefore, renewable generation must be massively expanded, and the energy and exergy efficiency of the entire system must be significantly increased. The EU aims for complete decarbonisation.
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